The questions below and the following answers will be part of the class test and the final exam.
Video Breakdown – the process of digestion name:
1. The digestive tract is a _____ foot (_____ meter) tube through the body.
2. The energy stored in the food that we eat comes from __________________________ – either directly in fruits, vegetables and grains or indirectly in the meat of animals that have eaten the fruits, vegetable, grains or other animals.
3. Plants use ______________________________ energy to build their component nutrients that we breakdown and use for energy and building and repairing our bodies.
4. Plants take simple molecules from the ______________________ and ______________________ and build more complex molecules that animals then take apart for their own cellular use.
5. The three main ingredients in our food are ____________________________________, ________________________________________ and ___________________________.
6. Protein comes largely from the ___________________________ we eat.
7. Protein is made of long chains of __________________________________ acids essential for building up our cells.
8. Carbohydrates include _______________________________ and ___________________________. Carbohydrates are long chemical chains of ____________________________________, ________________________________________ and _____________________________________ that provide energy when they are turned into glucose by our body.
9. Fats provide energy as well but are more suitable to _______________________________ _____________________________ storage. Fats must be broken down by the body into very small _________________________________ before they can be absorbed by the body.
10. _____________________________________ starts the process of breaking down our food outside the body.
11. The ______________________ and _____________________ muscles start the breakdown of the meal by crushing the food into small pieces before it enters the stomach.
12. ________________________________ is the first digestive juice.
13. _______________________________ and ________________________ make saliva flow into our mouths and coat our food making it easier for it to pass down our throats into our stomach.
14. The ____________________________________ is the first main organ in the digestive tract. It produces and mixes more __________________________________ ___________________________ with our food before moving the food slowly into the small intestine using wave-like smooth muscled contractions called __________________________________________.
15. A _______________________________________ muscle controls the passage of food from the stomach to the small intestine.
16. The main chemical breakdown and absorption begins in the ____________________________________.
17. As food enters the small intestine it triggers the release of more digestive juices from the ____________________________ and the _______________________ bladder.
18. The ________________________________________ produces some of the most powerful digestive enzymes.
19. The gall bladder releases ______________________ that is actually produced in the ________________________________.
20. ______________________________________ are chemicals produced by the body to assist in breaking down large molecules into smaller molecules for absorption. Each breaks down food in a different way.
21. The gall bladder is a small organ where bile produced by the liver is stored until needed during the digestion of ___________________________________.
22. The liver produces about ______________cups of bile a day. About ____________________ mL.
23. Bile is a complex mixture of minerals that breaks down fats into tiny particles that can be ____________________________ by the body. Sometimes bile ____________________________________ into small pebbles or stones inside the gall bladder and blocks the passage from the gall bladder to the intestines. The blockage can cause intense ________________________________.
24. The ‘gall stones’ can be dissolved sometimes using ____________________ or ___________________________________ sound. Sometimes they are removed with ____________________________________. Whether they form inside your body depends on diet and your family ____________________________________. If other members in your family have had these ‘stones’ take care with your diet.
25. Fat molecules deposited around the body function as a store of _____________________________.
26. After passing through the intestines all that is left are substances the body can not __________________________.
27. The _________________________________ contractions moving food through the body are called peristalsis.
28. The wall of the intestine is covered in millions of tiny fingers called ____________________________. The _____________________________ absorb nutrients. Simple food molecules are absorbed directly into the _____________________ _________________________________ to be processed further. Fats are absorbed into the ____________________________________________________ system.
29. The ___________________________ gland in the body is the liver
30. A gland is an organ that produces _______________________________ for use by the body.
31. The liver stores energy in the form of ___________________________________.
32. The liver synthesis ___________________________ ___________________________________ proteins.
33. The liver supplies _________________________ and ______________________________.
34. The liver produces _____________________________ as a by-product of all of its activities.
35. ______________________________ is stored around the body in adipose cells. It serves as an emergency energy supply when food is scarce.
36. __________________________________ is absorbed by the large intestine – the colon.
37. Between the small and large intestines is the __________________________________. In many animals it contains plant-eating bacteria important for digestion, but humans no longer need the appendix. Occasionally the ________________________________ becomes infected and inflamed and must be removed or the patient will die.
38. The large intestine is populated by very small single celled ____________________________ that form about ______________________________________ the weight of the feces.
39. About _________________ % of the living cells in our body are bacteria. The bacteria cells are much smaller and simpler than human cells.
40. The bacteria in our colon synthesize _____________________________ from the remnants of our food and these can be absorbed and used by our bodies. As the small bacteria breakdown certain plant materials such as onions and beans they produce the intestinal gases we refer to as _________________________________________.
41. More _________________________________________ muscle contractions will ultimately push waste – feces - from our bodies. Controlling the sphincter muscles in our __________________________ can temporarily restrict these muscle contractions.
1. 20-foot 5-meter
2. the sun
3. solar
4. soil air
5. carbohydrates, protein and fat
6. meat
7. amino
8. starch and sugar carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
9. long term droplets
10. cooking
11. teeth and jaw muscles
12. saliva
13. smell and taste
14. stomach digestive juices peristalsis
15. sphincter
16. intestines (duodenum)
17. pancreas and gall bladder
18. pancreas
19. bile liver
20. enzymes
21. fats
22. 3 cups 750 mL
23. absorbed crystalizes pain
24. medicine or ultra sound surgery medical history
25. energy
26. use
27. rhythmic
28. villi villi blood stream lymphatic
29. largest
30. chemicals
31. glucose
32. blood clotting proteins
33. vitamins and minerals (iron)
34. heat
35. fat
36. water
37. appendix appendix
38. bacteria one third
39. 90%
40. vitamins farts
41. peristaltic anus
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