MUSCLES in your Body NAME:
1. Muscles, tendons, ligaments, bones and joints all work together to help us _________________.
2. Tensing muscles causes the muscles to ___________________________.
3. ____________________________hold bones together.
4. ____________________________ attach muscles to bones.
5. Structurally, there are two kinds of muscles: ________________________ and
___________________________.
6. Skeletal muscles (the muscles that move our arms, legs, head and torso) are _______________________.
7. Skeletal muscles that extend our limbs are called _______________________ muscles.
8. The ____________________________ in our upper arm is an example of an _______________________ because it primarily is used to extend our arm.
9. Skeletal muscles that bend or ‘shorten’ our limbs are called ________________________muscles.
10. The ____________________________ in our upper arm is an example of a _______________________ because it primarily is used to bend our arm.
11. When the _________________________ contracts and the ______________________ relaxes and the arm bends at the elbow bringing the hand towards the body.
12. When the _________________________ contracts and the _____________________ relaxes and the arm straightens or extends and the hand moves away from the body.
13. Because we normally control the contraction and relaxation of our skelatal muscles they are considered to
be _______________________________.
14. The heart is a _____________________ muscle. It is considered __________________________ because we do not consciously control the heart’s movement.
15. The ___________________________ muscle works 24 hours a day, every day you are alive.
16. The heart muscle is contracting _______________________ of the time you are alive and relaxing for
_____________________________ of the time.
17. The heart will ________________________ as you exert yourself but it will always _______________ between beats.
18. The alimentary canal is the long passage food travels along when it enters your body at your mouth and moves through your body and out your anus.
19. Many of the muscles that move food through your body are known as ________________________ muscles because of their structure.
20. Because we do not normally control these muscles they are _____________________.
21. The muscles in our intestinal tract contract in waves like when you squeeze the last bit of toothpaste out of a tube by starting at the bottom.
These wave-like contractions are called ___________________________ and sometimes can be felt and heard when food is moved along the esophagus and the intestines.
22. Occasionally food and acidic gastric juices in the stomach will move in the wrong direction - up the pipe connecting the mouth to the stomach (the esophagus). This can cause pain in the chest often confused with a heart attack.
This condition is called ___________________ _________________.
23. ______________________nerve impulses control both involuntary and voluntary muscles, causing contractions.
24. Some involuntary muscle contractions are controlled by __________________________(chemicals) in your body.
25. Because we consciously control our skeletal muscles the impulses start in our ____________________.
26. The impulses are transmitted along the central ______________________ ____________________ along the nerve fibers to the muscles.
27. The chemical _____________________is a key component in the transmission of nerve impulses to the muscles.
28. Muscle accounts for approximately _______________% of a healthy body weight.
29. If you are healthy and weigh 100 pounds then 15% or _______ pounds would be fat and __________ pounds would be muscles.
30. The remaining __________ % (45 pounds) would be made up of blood, skin, bone, brain, digestion organs, etc.
31. Muscles use ______________% of your protein intake. Low protein = low muscle.
32. At rest (sleeping, reading, watching television, etc) our muscles use ___________% of the oxygen we inhale. If we are using the muscles, they use more of our energy reserves and more of the oxygen we take in.
A fire needs oxygen and fuel to produce heat. The muscles need oxygen and fuel (sugars) to perform work.
33. The blood also brings ______________________ (vitamins, minerals, proteins & fats) to build and repair muscle.
34. When the blood leaves the muscle it takes away the waste products of the muscles including
______________________ ___________________________ a gas.
35. The flow of blood also brings ________________ to the muscles when they are cold and takes
_______________ away from them when they are hot thereby helping maintain ideal body temperature.
36. The fuel (sugars) used by the muscles is kept in reserve in the muscles themselves and delivered to them when it is needed. If the blood isn’t supplying the sugars fast enough, the muscles start to burn their reserves. One type of sugar mentioned in the video was _______________________________________
37. The alternate contraction and relaxation of muscles is necessary for blood to flow freely – it stimulates the
________________________________ of blood. This is why we move from time to time in our sleep. Why standing in one place for a long time causes greater muscle fatigue and sometimes pain then walking or even running.
38. The heart muscle like all the other muscles needs a steady supply of fresh, nutrient-rich, oxygen-rich blood to continue working properly.
39. _________________________________ can build up on the inside of blood vessels restricting the flow of blood.
40. Blocked blood vessels supplying the heart can cause portions of the heart muscles to starve for
____________________ and die – never to be restored.
41. This can cause varying degrees of pain and what is commonly called a _________________
_________________.
42. ______________________________ surgery replaces the worn out blood vessels supplying your heart with spare blood vessels you have in other parts of your body – usually from your legs.
43. The heart and involuntary muscles work automatically - independent of the cerebral nervous system
– they are controlled by the ___________________________ nervous system.
DIAGRAM
ANSWERS
1) move
2) bullge
3) ligaments
4)tendons
5)striated and sooth or smooth and striated
6)striated (voluntary is acceptable)
7)extendors/extenders/extendoide
8)tricep and then extendor
9)flexor/flexer/flexoide
10)bicep and then flexor
11)bicep and then tricep
12)tricep and then bicep
13)voluntary
14)striated and then involuntary
15)heart/cardiac
16)one third and then two thirds
17)speed up and then rest
no blank for #18
19)smooth
20)involuntary
21)peristaltic
22)heart burn
23)electrical
24)hormones
25)brain
26) nervous system
27)calcium
28)40%
29)15 pounds and then 40 pounds
30)45%
31)30%
32)50%
33)nutrients
34)Carbon Dioxide or CO2
35) heat and heat
36)glucose or glycogene
37)circulation
no blank for #38
39)fat/cholesterol
40)oxygen
41)heart attack
42)by-pass
43)autonomic
